Managerial Applications of Technology (Emerging IT Trends) 2 Assignment

Administrative Applications of Technology (Emerging IT Trends) 2 - Assignment Example This can thusly be named as the current pattern in business. It is significant that a business holds fast to rising patterns in all angles. Following isn't adequate; rather, there are sure preferences which accompany receiving them prior. These incorporate being in front of contenders, or procuring the most bankrupt before the said data innovation pattern lapses or is shared among numerous clients. This implies holding back to perceive how a developing pattern will unfold isn't the best thought since a business element may wind up embracing it late, or after contenders have picked up the advantage (Reynolds, 2010). There are, anyway chances included, for example, embracing the data innovation pattern, at that point it comes up short, or doesn't wood screw true to form. This in this manner arranges the pattern as a hazard. One potential event is that an association may receive a developing pattern which may not be adequate, or may affect adversely on it. For instance, a business may change over to an online substance whereupon there might be less customer visits or deals since innovation isn't accessible to everybody. It is along these lines significant that administrators take alert before grasping developing (new) data innovation patterns. Certain contemplations can be made, for example, â€Å"testing† them before applying them (Doyle, 2000). These should be possible by investigating or anticipating what is probably going to rise up out of the use of a specific rising pattern. These future viable in countering misfortunes or bothers which may emerge from applying the new patterns, which need understanding. High, P. (2013, October 14). â€Å"Gartner: Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2014.† Forbes. Recovered on 4 July, 2014 from

Book of the Dead

Book of the Dead: The Singer of Amun Nany’s Funerary Procession The Book of the Dead is a literary and visual bit of workmanship that centers around the funerary parts of old Egypt. One of the parts I loved best in the Book of the Dead at the Metropolitan Museum of Art was the location of Nany and her section to life following death. I am going to separate this area, and address the various characters and images, both officially and logically. I will depict what is seen on a superficial level, however the basic implications behind the Funerary Nany and how it identifies with the conventions of antiquated Egypt craftsmanship and life.The Funerary Nany is composed/painted on what I accept that is a papyrus-like material. It is a light earthy colored shading and has a fairly sandy/harsh surface. In this funerary picture, very few hues are utilized. I’m not certain if hues blurred or not, yet it appears as though whoever painted it, deliberately utilized hardly any hues. Th e essential shading demonstrated is green, maybe to show significance. I’m accepting this in light of the fact that over the king’s bears in the base right area is a green piece of clothing, so I expect if that is significant, all green appeared in this image is significant, similar to the flying creature in the top register, and the human/creature (? in the base, center register. I accept that figure to be the best deciding by the shows of his seat and enormous cap. He is situated and has a staff, demonstrating authority and force. Additionally, he seems, by all accounts, to be somewhat bigger than the remainder of the individuals on the base register, maybe a show to show rule. The main other shading in this artistic creation is red, seen on again what I accept that is the king’s seat. There are slight shades of darker yellow/earthy colored, however I don’t accept they have a lot of importance other than to isolate individuals/objects from the foundatio n. Papyrus turned into a basic piece of the funerary gear and each Egyptian who could stand to procure a duplicate was covered with it close within reach for use in life following death. † Thus, Nany’s Funerary was painted on papyrus. It is additionally why such a significant number of models have endure and why so much has been found out about the Book of the Dead, which has been known as the Bible of Ancient Egypt. The size of this whole piece is very long. It gives off an impression of being about a foot tall yet around twenty feet in length. It would appear that it is recounting to a story because of the manner in which it is presented.For the whole piece, it interchanges from artistic creations to writings (in most likely hieroglyphics). Maybe the writings portray the works of art introduced to the watcher. That would sound good to me, practically like a storybook with pictures in it. Furthermore, for reasons unknown, that is actually what it is. Composed on papyri and painted upon caskets in hieroglyphics, it was partitioned into sections, every one of which had its own title however no particular situation in the book. It was of the Theban Recension, a period in Egypt enduring from the eighteenth to twenty-second tradition. This period centered around funerary stories. dbghghghh I am expecting that Nany is the lady with the knock in her â€Å"crown† on the top and base register. The lady is no different individual because of the manner in which she is dressed and looks. The top register appears of less significance nonetheless, because of the scene introduced and the size separation between the two registers. On the top, it looks as though Nany is strolling along and going over various deterrents or experiences or something to that affect. From the appearance of her hand signals in the compositions it appears as though she is cooperating with whatever these experiences are. The base register gives off an impression of being the last or most significant experience she faces.There is another lady close to her, maybe an escort to the ruler. In any case, in the center is a size of some sort with two figures introduced on each side. It is hard to perceive what the two pictures are that are being estimated. One side is by all accounts two individuals and the other a head. Be that as it may, I’m not exactly sure. Or on the other hand maybe she is making a penance before the ruler and he is deciding if her penance is a commendable one or not, on the grounds that every one of the three of the individuals (counting the creature human animal) are taking a gander at the lord and he is taking a gander at them†¦So maybe there is an exchange going on in some way.There are writings with each painting in this segment, which might be a portrayal of what is happening. It turns out I was to some degree directly in my depiction of the scene and what the hieroglyphics may state. Nany is the lady the entire route through. She is really making her last excursion towards the great beyond. Ditty and Faulkner’s book recognizes different characters and images and what they speak to in Egyptian craftsmanship and life. A great part of the Book of the Dead spins around Ani (an antiquated Egyptian recorder) and his excursion to the afterlife.The Ani parade is the biggest, â€Å"most perfect,† and the best edified of the considerable number of papyri containing duplicates of the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead. Furthermore, when finding out about it and watching the artistic creations, I saw that quite a bit of it is the equivalent, so I had the option to look at the two stories. They are both gauging their hearts against the Maat, the goddess of equity and truth. Jackal-headed Anubis, one of the four children of Horus, and supervisor of preservation, changes the scales, while a baboonâ€symbolizing Thoth, the lord of shrewdness and writingâ€sits on the parity pillar and plans to r ecord the result.Nany must breeze through this assessment so as to proceed onward to life following death. If not, her heart will be eaten. On the base register behind Nany is Isis, spouse and sister of Osiris. She is recognized by the hieroglyphics. These characters are every one of the a significant mostly in which antiquated Egyptians saw passing and the hereafter. Sitting just before Osiris is a foreleg of a bull. As indicated by Wilkinson’s book, the foreleg of an Ox is constantly remembered for morgue offering scenes where it shows up in a rundown of contributions. It is an image of illustrious and perfect quality in Egypt.The way the craftsman makes these individuals look doesn’t appear to be as though he was attempting to make anybody in the artistic creations look excessively romanticized. There are no evident reflections that toss your concentration to a specific bit of the work too emphatically. The area of this specific bit of workmanship was somewhat detac hed. I understood that after we severed as a gathering at the Met when I, just as two of my cohorts for all intents and purposes got lost attempting to remember our means back to the fine art. It was an extremely dim, void area of the Ancient Egypt section.I am speculating the obscurity planned to put center around the funerary component of the work, just as different works around it. Close to the Funerary Nany was the Tomb of Meritamen and Nany’s Funerary Papyri, the two of which appear to have relationships with this Nany piece. So it appears that they put related individuals and articles around one another, to keep everything precise and significant in the historical center. All in all, there are numerous elements that play into every single detail put into gems like this. These subtleties painted an image for me in my proper investigation of the work and educate a great deal regarding how the piece was made and why.Ancient Egyptians had a significance for all that they pu t in the Book of the Dead and the entirety of their craft. Every image they utilized significantly affected their life and convictions. In their specialty, there are associations between a wide range of artistic creations and writings that identify with one another, and all disadvantage to a typical conviction and lifestyle in Egypt. I am not actually sure why I decided to investigate The Book of the Dead over the remainder of the bits of workmanship. I imagine that exactly when I took a gander at my choices, I believed I had more to state about this bit of work than any of the others.I saw a story in it. I believed I could discuss it more clear and comprehend it more than different pieces, and that is the thing that I accept at last prompted my choice. Sources: Andrews, Carol, and Raymond O. Faulkner. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990. Move, E A. W. The Book of the Dead: The Hieroglyphic Transcript of the Papyrus of Ani. New York, N. Y: Carol Pub. Gathering, 1990. Wilkinson, Richard. Perusing Egyptian Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1992). â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- [ 1 ]. Hymn Andrews and Raymond Faulkner, The Ancient Book of the Dead (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990), 16-17. [ 2 ]. E. A. Move, The Book of the Dead: The Hieroglyphic Transcript of the Papyrus of Ani (New York: Carol Pub. Gathering, 1990), 3-4. [ 3 ]. Move, Book of the Dead, ix. [ 4 ]. Andrews and Faulkner, Ancient Book of the Dead, 14. [ 5 ]. Move, Book of the Dead, 240. [ 6 ]. Richard Wilkinson, Reading Egyptian Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1992), 75.

Meat Eaters vs Vegetarians

Universidad del Sagrado Corazon San Juan, Puerto Rico Argumentative Essay Vicente R. Rivera Velez Jean G. Piwinski English-114 Section 6 Professor Milagros A. Rodriguez November 10, 2011 Meat eaters versus Veggie lovers If you need to pick between meat eaters and vegans, which side would you select? By and by we comprehend that vegetarian’s individuals eat more beneficial than the meat eaters yet even doe, we think about our self meat eaters. Meat eaters and veggie lovers are very unique as far as flavor and wellbeing. We are meat eaters as a result of its taste and flavors.Meats have a larger number of flavors than vegetables; this is on the grounds that meats contains squeezes and are cook with various flavors that have solid flavors. A portion of these flavors are parsley, basil, garlic, salt, pepper, Worcestershire sauce and so forth. We are not telling that veggie lovers don’t eat seasoned nourishment however actually meat has loads of more flavors. As far as taste , it relies upon every individuals for instance; vegans will say that their nourishment taste better and the equivalent with the meat eaters. In any case, we search for data from the specialists and Dr.Robert Madda in his web page title â€Å"Meat and Vegetables on the HCG Diet† affirms that our announcement it’s valid, meat has more flavors and taste better. The vegans eat more beneficial in light of meat having immersed fat and elevated cholesterol. Meat eaters have more danger of having maladies and medical issues, for example, coronary failure or stroke from the vegans. A few investigations show that veggie lovers have less chances of having malignant growth. Meat can remain in your body as long as 7 years and vegetable can be simple dispensed with from the body. A few veggie lovers are vegans since they are creature activist.Animal dissident are those individuals that have sympathy and need to end the abusing and the brutality of the creatures. A few meats are not beneficial in light of the fact that a few providers infuse synthetic substances and additive so it could last more. Vegans additionally have some wellbeing hazard since chicken and fish have a wide range of microscopic organisms. A few examinations tell that they have a bigger number of microbes than a can. Salmonella is a famous bacterium that you can discover in chicken and fish. Salmonella is a bacterium that assaults digestive system and circulatory system. A few instances of its belongings are looseness of the bowels, fever and give you serious pain.Salmonella is certifiably not a dangerous infection yet you will feel like on the off chance that you where going to bite the dust because of the tremendous torment. With regards to nourishment there will be in every case some issue on the grounds that a bacterium, cholesterol, fats and so forth. As known meat eaters and veggie lovers have common nourishments. Meat eaters like each sort of meat here are some case of various kinds of meats; steaks, cheeseburger, t-bone, seared steak, ham, pork, bacon, ribs, prime rib, sheep, veal and so forth. Meat eater generally prefer to have home to the meat as a side request crush potatoes, prepared potatoes, rice and beans, pasta and a few times vegetables and salad.Our most loved plate would be a decent steak with heated potatoes, explicitly a filet mignon there is not all that much. Veggie lover individuals additionally eat extraordinary nourishment for instance; they eat fish like red snapper, maji, grouper, tilapia, salmon and so forth. Additionally they eat chicken, servings of mixed greens and vegetables; for the veggie lover individuals a recognizable plate that they eat is heated chicken with caesar plate of mixed greens. This veggie lover diet is severe a hard to follow. As of late veggie lover populace is growing, a couple of years prior just 3. 2% of the populace was on the veggie lover diet. Today as indicated by vegetariantimes. om 10% of the American popul aces are veggie lover. In any case, an examination show that 5. 2 % of the populace are keen on the veggie lover diet. A 59% of the veggie lover populaces are lady and the normal period of vegan individuals is 30. In the opposite side meat eaters are otherwise called flesh eater. Flesh eater is equivalent to meat eaters and this term is additionally utilized in creatures. For instance we can say that the lion is a flesh eater creature. This implies when you are flesh eater you depend for the most part of the meat diet. Meat eaters additionally have can discover sicknesses in the nourishment. Hypertension, diabetes, weight and so forth re a few instances of illnesses. We as carnivores prescribe to all the others meat eaters that these illnesses are not a joke and they ought to do go to the specialist at any rate twice in a year. Be that as it may, an a similar time eating meat give you excellent proteins an it additionally require all the amino corrosive that your body needs. Meat co ntains high iron contrast with plant and vegetable. It’s prescribed to eat meat however in directed amounts, additionally you ought to abstain from eating bacon and salami since they are high in fats. Taking everything into account meat eaters and veggie lovers are incredibly different.We can say that they taste extraordinary and have diverse flavor. The meat is the most delectable yet the vegans are more beneficial. We are meat eaters in light of the fact that our island is full with flavors and we love to eat incredible nourishment with extraordinary flavor. As meat eaters we regard the whole vegan network and we comprehend the explanation of being one. Simultaneously we believe that everybody needs to have at any rate a minor bit of meat since all the proteins and the iron that you won't find in a vegan plate. For us there is in no way like an immense plate of meat after work or in the wake of doing game to energize all the batteries.References Benefits Of Eating Meat. (n. d. ). Sikh Philosophy Network. Recovered November 6, 2011, from http://www. sikhphilosophy. net/sikh-youth/14321-benefits-of-eating-meat. html Meat Eaters Vs. Vegans | Healthmad. (n. d. ). Healthmad. Recovered November 6, 2011, from http://healthmad. com/wellbeing/meat-eaters-versus vegans/Smith, B. (n. d. ). What Is Salmonella And What Are Its Effects? | InjuryBoard Atlanta. Injury Board Atlanta | Georgia Personal Injury Attorney. Recovered November 6, 2011, from http://atlanta. injuryboard. om/inadequate and-risky items/what-is-salmonella-and-what-are-its-belongings. aspx? googleid=212314 What is the Difference Between Meat Eaters VS Vegetarians? | Health Related Articles. (n. d. ). Wellbeing Related Articles | Everything you need to think about your Health. Recovered November 6, 2011, from http://www. healthforworld. com/what-is-the-distinction between-meat-eaters-versus vegans life. , t. w. (n. d. ). Veggie lover versus Meat eaters Vegetarianism In America . Veggie lover Times †Great Food, Good Health, Smart Living. Recovered November 6, 2011, from http://www. vegetariantimes. com/highlights

What Is the Shear Modulus Definition and Examples

The shear modulus is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain. It is also known as the modulus of rigidity and may be denoted by G or less commonly by S or  ÃŽ ¼. The SI unit of shear modulus is the Pascal (Pa), but values are usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa). In English units, shear modulus is given in terms of pounds per square inch (PSI) or kilo (thousands) pounds per square in (ksi). A large shear modulus value indicates a solid is highly rigid. In other words, a large force is required to produce deformation.A small shear modulus value indicates a solid is soft or flexible. Little force is needed to deform it.One definition of a fluid is a substance with a shear modulus of zero. Any force deforms its surface. Shear Modulus Equation The shear modulus is determined by measuring the deformation of a solid from applying a force parallel to one surface of a solid, while an opposing force acts on its opposite surface and holds the solid in place. Think of shear as pushing against one side of a block, with friction as the opposing force. Another example would be attempting to cut wire or hair with dull scissors. The equation for the shear modulus is: G Ï„xy / ÃŽ ³xy F/A / Δx/l Fl / AΔx Where: G is the shear modulus or modulus of rigidityÏ„xy is the shear stressÃŽ ³xy is the shear strainA is the area over which the force actsΔx is the transverse displacementl is the initial length Shear strain is Δx/l tan ÃŽ ¸ or sometimes ÃŽ ¸, where ÃŽ ¸ is the angle formed by the deformation produced by the applied force. Example Calculation For example, find the shear modulus of a sample under a stress of 4x104 N/m2 experiencing a strain of 5x10-2. G Ï„ / ÃŽ ³ (4x104 N/m2) / (5x10-2) 8x105 N/m2 or 8x105 Pa 800  KPa Isotropic and Anisotropic Materials Some materials are isotropic with respect to shear, meaning the deformation in response to a force is the same regardless of orientation. Other materials are anisotropic and respond differently to stress or strain depending on orientation. Anisotropic materials are much more susceptible to shear along one axis than another. For example, consider the behavior of a block of wood and how it might respond to a force applied parallel to the wood grain compared to its response to a force applied perpendicular to the grain. Consider  the way a diamond responds to an applied force. How readily the crystal shears depends on the orientation of the force with respect to the crystal lattice. Effect of Temperature and Pressure As you might expect, a materials response to an applied force changes with temperature and pressure. In metals, shear modulus typically decreases with increasing temperature. Rigidity decreases with increasing pressure. Three models used to predict the effects of temperature and pressure on shear modulus are the Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS) plastic flow stress model, the Nadal and LePoac (NP) shear modulus model, and the Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan (SCG) shear modulus model. For metals, there tends to be a region of temperature and pressures over which change in shear modulus is linear. Outside of this range, modeling behavior is trickier. Table of Shear Modulus Values This is a table of sample shear modulus values at room temperature. Soft, flexible materials tend to have low shear modulus values. Alkaline earth and basic metals have intermediate values. Transition metals and alloys have high values. Diamond, a hard and stiff substance, has an extremely high shear modulus. Material Shear Modulus (GPa) Rubber 0.0006 Polyethylene 0.117 Plywood 0.62 Nylon 4.1 Lead (Pb) 13.1 Magnesium (Mg) 16.5 Cadmium (Cd) 19 Kevlar 19 Concrete 21 Aluminum (Al) 25.5 Glass 26.2 Brass 40 Titanium (Ti) 41.1 Copper (Cu) 44.7 Iron (Fe) 52.5 Steel 79.3 Diamond (C) 478.0 Note that the values for Youngs modulus follow a similar trend. Youngs modulus is a measure of a solids stiffness or linear resistance to deformation. Shear modulus, Youngs modulus, and bulk modulus are modulii of elasticity, all based on Hookes law and  connected to each other via equations. Sources Crandall, Dahl, Lardner (1959). An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids. Boston: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-013441-3.Guinan, M; Steinberg, D (1974). Pressure and temperature derivatives of the isotropic polycrystalline shear modulus for 65 elements. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 35 (11): 1501. doi:10.1016/S0022-3697(74)80278-7Landau L.D., Pitaevskii, L.P., Kosevich, A.M., Lifshitz E.M. (1970).  Theory of Elasticity, vol. 7. (Theoretical Physics).  3rd Ed. Pergamon: Oxford. ISBN:978-0750626330Varshni, Y. (1981). Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Constants.  Physical Review B.  2  (10): 3952.

Education Differences Have Made A Child s Education

There doesn’t go a day where thinking about education differences have made a child’s education much different than what is expected. Today’s society are suffering from the same injustice that our ancestors have gone through. I personally have experienced a type of segregation of education because of being middle class and because of my race. There is a need for equal education systems that can help children of this generation better understand the curriculum and not have to put behind because of who they are and where they come from. Children suffer the most when they are not taught well enough to their abilities that can be shown. There are ways teachers can help advance the knowledge of students by expanding their abilities and explain things better than they believe is best. When one teacher believes their way of teaching is better than other teachers it is hard to tell when you can’t see it personally. Ones abilities are too limited to what wiser peop le can give to you. â€Å"In Math, when two-digit division was introduced, the teacher in one school gave a four-minute lecture on what the terms are called. The children were to copy these names in their notebooks†¦ the math teacher in the other working-class school followed similar procedures regarding two-digit division and at one point her class seemed confused. She said, ‘You’re confusing yourselves. You’re tensing up. Remember, when you do this, it’s the same steps over and over again- and that’s the way division alwaysShow MoreRelatedA Child s Education Is Vital991 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter of a child’s life and education, especially those children of poverty? These questions are important to consider for educators and all involved in the goal for children to have greater achievement. It s even more important to note that forty percent of the poor, in the United States, are children (Stevenson, 1997). 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Using the Sociological Imagination we will examine societal factors that may result in The main subjects that will be explored are how an individual s socioeconomic status , race, gender, and societal norms can have a large impact on them going to college. In this paper we I will be making use of the sociological imagination to interpret the individual issue of chances of attending college. The sociological imagination takes a look

The Effects Of Outdoor Play On Children - 1120 Words

Outdoor Play In today’s society, we have increasing numbers of obesity in children. Researchers are trying to find the answer as to why this is happening. The sad part is, no one has looked at the numbers of how much time a child spends outside has decreased over the last decade. We have increasing numbers of technology being produced on the market and fail to look at how technology has harmed humans in a biological sense. There has been evidence of blue-violet light, produced from smart phones, is related to macular degeneration, where a macula sits in front of the ocular nerve prohibit loss of central vision (Newsbeat, 2014). Why should our world fall into the trap of smartphones and devices and forget about the outdoors? Playing outdoors stimulates many things for children, along with keeping them healthy. One blog promotes playing outdoors and explains the enhancement of development that happens when a child is outside. It’s time our children step away from technolo gy and learn the greatness of the outdoors. Laurie Hollman (2016), a psychoanalyst, wrote an article on Huffington post explaining the positive effects of playing outdoors has on children. When a child is able to play outside, they are first learning to coordinate their body with their surroundings. This can either be through playing with a ball, using a swing, playing on a jungle gym, or even playing hop-scotch. When a child is playing with parent outside they are building a relationship. This relationshipShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Outdoor Play On Children1860 Words   |  8 PagesOutdoor Play In today’s society, we have increasing numbers of obesity in children. Researchers are trying to find the answer as to why this is happening. The sad part is, no one has looked at the numbers of how much time a child spends outside has decreased over the last decade. 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This research report supports the scientific view that although video games are beneficial in terms of improving attention, they negatively affect the children’s social being on a deeper context. The methods employed in the collection of data involved administering of closed questionnaires to the parents and teachers in a small neighborhood. The inherent motive was to establish the beliefs of parents and teachers upon the negative effects of the video games. TheRead More The Crucible - Comparing Play And Movie Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Millers play, The Crucible, and the movie with the same name have many differences and similarities, all of which contribute to the individual effectiveness of each in conveying their central message. There are several additions and variances in the movie. First of all, the scene where the children and Tituba are dancing in the forest is never seen in the forest; we simply learn of it from dialogue. This scene was most probably added in the movie for a dramatic effect: foreshadowing. Read MoreIs Television Making Your Child Smart Enough? Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagespaper? Is Sesame Street teaching Little Tommy how to spell â€Å"dog†? When you watch a children s television program you understand most of the content and lessons. Good for you. It’s made for children and you’re an adult. However, are the children able to grasp these lessons and is it affecting their social behaviors? The history of children s programming shows an increase in quality programming and new content for children is constantly being made with networks like Nickelodeon announcing more than 650Read MoreThe Crucible - Comparing Play and Movie1004 Words   |  5 Pages#9;Arthur Miller s play, The Crucible, and the movie with the same name have many differences and similarities, all of which contribute to the individual effectiveness of each in conveying their central message. #9;There are several additions and variances in the movie. First of all, the scene where the children and Tituba are dancing in the forest is never seen in the forest; we simply learn of it from dialogue. This scene was most probably added in the movie for a dramatic effect: foreshadowingRead MoreThe Health Of A Landscape1282 Words   |  6 Pagesphysical surroundings can have an impact on their overall health. With a contemporary cultural emphasis on healthy living, land planners including urban designers and landscape architects have unique opportunities to integrate health into our everyday outdoor spaces. In a publication written by Landscape Institute, a Royal Chartered Institute for Landscape Architects and land planners, there are 5 essential principles that contribute to the success of a ‘healthy landscape’. Principle 1 â€Å"Healthy places

Renaissance Art Essay Example For Students

Renaissance Art Essay As we move into the Renaissance period, artists of the fifteenth-century represented a variety of textures, shapes, and spaces that they experienced around them in their lives. They developed a style of painting called linear perspective which would allow them to reflect simulations of three-dimensional forms arranged in space. This would give the painting a depth and realism not seen until now in the different eras. There was a heavy emphasis placed on the realistic portrait-like paintings giving a life-like sense to the images. This Humanist style of painting placed retreat value on science reason, and the individual while keeping an unwavering religious faith style. One of the techniques developed in Northern Europe was oil painting, unlike the Italian artist, the northern artists painted in oil on canvas. Oil paint takes much longer to dry allowing the painter time to easily make changes. The long drying process would allow the paint to dry smooth erasing the brush strokes. More importantly, oil paint is translucent when applied in thin layers, known as glazes. This method of built up glazes would let the light penetrate to the lower areas and then reflect back which would create the appearance of an interior glow, giving viewers the illusion that they were looking at real objects rather than painted imitations. Italian artists favored tempera, the method of suspending powered pigments in oils like linseed or sometimes walnut. One large difference from the Northern oils was that tempera had to be precisely applied as it dried almost immediately. Also, tempera has an opaque finish which did not allow light to penetrate to the lower layers not allowing the reflections, this resulted in a matte or dull finish unless a layer f varnish is applied to give the painting a sheen. As we notice in figure 12-4 below, we see that the artists stay with some of the Christian features so well known in the Gothic and Romanesque periods except for a much more real or life-like detail. The patrons who funded this pious donation appear on the outside of the polyphonys shutters, much brighter than the rest of the images in the otherwise sober painting, which is only visible when in the closed position. When in the open position however, the upper seven panels are vibrant and colorful depicting God, Mary, John the Baptist, angelic musical ensembles, and ending tit Adam and Eve shown in startlingly lifelike nudes. The lower five panels are shown in almost amazing realistic images of meadows, woods cities and a diverse mixture of apostles, saints, confessors, virgins, martyrs, hermits, pilgrims Assemble to adore the Lamb of God as described in the book of Revelation. Fig. 12-4 (Closed) Fig. 12-4 (open) Italian painters and artists aimed at achieving lifelike figures like their counterparts in the north but focusing on idealized figures in three-dimensional forms set within a rationally organized space using linear perspective. If we look at fugue 12-7, we see the lifeli ke images of Mary, Joseph adoring the newborn Jesus with a host of angels sympathetic expressions on the faces of the on lookers. Fig. 12-7 During this time in the Renaissance era, southern Europe rebirths the nude in the artworks as was a normal in early Greek art. Figure 13-11 below, Michelangelo David, the fugue embodies the antique ideal of the athletic male, the facial expression on the other hand is a stark difference from the earlier arts showing emotional power and a concentrated glaze. Looking at figure 13-12, The Creation of Adam, Michelangelo captures the instance when god tasks him with the spark of life. The facial expressions and the body interaction are extremely evolved from the earlier Greek works and exhibits a more humanistic appearance. Figure 13-10, Interior, Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo painted images depicting the sincere empathetic expressions so well known to the Italian Classicism of Southern Europe. Fig. 13-9 Fig. 13-10 Fig. 13-12 The relationship between the artist and patron appears to have been somewhat comparable to what [the relationship between a ball player and his/her agent. The patron more often than not would be the subject of the painting.

Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security

The infrastructure security has always been on the highest level for the US government. Still, the September 11, 2001 was the breaking point which is considered to be the start for heightened interest in critical infrastructure protection, both in public and in private sectors. To understand the main purpose of the research, it is crucial to check the main notions which are going to be considered, critical infrastructure in private sector.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Critical infrastructure is the notion which identifies physical and computer-based systems, like telecommunications, banking, transportation, water and energy resources, etc. The private sector of the country’s economy is characterized by the organizations which are not controlled by the state, like private firms, companies, banks an d other private non-government organizations (Radvanovsky and McDougall 5). Thus, the main purpose of the research is to consider the main security strategies the private sector uses in the relation to the protection of critical infrastructures. The USA has a Department of Homeland Security which helps the private sector to cope with the problems it may face. Critical Infrastructure Protection Challenges for Private Sector There are a number of different challenges a private sector should cope with the purpose to organize critical infrastructure protection properly. There are a number of different normative laws which are aimed at analyzing those challenges and offering some decisions to solve them. Considering the challenges in addressing cybersecurity, the following key ones may be identified: the organizational stability should be achieved, the roles and capacities of the cybersecurity should be considered and the awareness should be increased, the efficient partnership with stak eholders should be considered, the information exchange should be on the high level (Powner 12). Private sector also faces other challenges, like securing control systems. One the one hand, technological innovations are involved in the sphere and allow specialists to control the process by means of different facilities. On the other hand, the specialized security technologies for control systems are not invented yet due to a number of reasons. Moreover, there are some ideas that securing control systems are not justified economically that create some problems. Finally, the security control systems may become the issue for conflicts on the basis of the priority notion (Dacey 18).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are a number of challenges private sector faces in the informational sphere. National Infrastructure Protection Center is the organization that helps the private sector c ope with those challenges as the establishment of the correct information-sharing relations with the state is the first step for dealing with the problem. These challenges should be faced both by the private sector and by the Department of Homeland Security, even though it is the state institution, the security is going to be on the highest level in the private sector only when the government supports it. Introduction to Threat and Risk Analysis Models To conduct the critical infrastructure protection properly and on the highest level, the risk assessment in the sphere should be provided. Risk management and critical infrastructure protection in the private sector should be conducted on the basis of the assessment, integration, and management of such facilities as threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences. To conduct the risk assessment in the private sector, the following steps should be considered in this succession: The identification of the most critical infrastructures, Ident ification, evaluation and assessment of the threats, Consideration of the vulnerability of those critical assets, Specification of expected risks along with the expected consequences, The next stages should be followed to prioritize risk reduction activities. That is, the specialists should state and evaluate the ways aimed at reducing the risks which have already been highlighted and prioritize risk reduction by means of the risk reductions strategy. The private sector should collaborate with the government with the purpose to be aware of the innovations in the critical infrastructure protection field and to count on the state and its help. The role of the government in the security of the private sector is crucial. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 and other administration documents are directed at helping the private sector to cope with the threats and minimize the risks to minimum. Basic Principles for Critical Infrastructure Protection The fundamental principles for critical i nfrastructure protection may be based on the CARVER method. This method is based on six factors which influence the efficiency of the procedure. CARVER method is a military strategy which is used for identifying the targets for the attacks. It is reasonable to consider these principles for identifying the threats in the private sector directed at critical infrastructure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This method should be used to prioritize the targets which are considered to be the most vulnerable. Thus, the CARVER method is based on the following components, Criticality, Assessibility, Return, Vulnerability, Effect, and Recognizability. The main principle of this method is to identify the infrastructure with the highest value and to try to protect it by much attempt. The main idea of the criticality is to identify the target which plays crucial role in the achieving the goal and the elimination of which will put a private company much behind. The accessibility means that the company should consider whether the target easily reached or not. The critical infrastructure protection means high level of security and low level of accessibility. The company should check the return capacity of all the critical infrastructures and pay more attention to those which capacity to return is lower. The vulnerability of the target is really essential. The company should try to organize the work in such a way that all objects and targets which may be considered as vulnerable should be protected better. The effects should always be predicted. It is important for the private company to understand the outcomes of the threat in order to prevent those in case of any problems. It is also important to understand that the recognizability of the critical infrastructure is also essential. The private sector should protect its points with the purpose to reduce the risk for the target to be recognized by the competitor and either copied or destroyed (Pavlina n/p). Vulnerability Analysis Models Using the vulnerability analysis model, the company should follow the next steps to make sure that the competing agents are not going to reach the critical infrastructure and are not able to violate the company security. It may be concluded that the main purpose of the vulnerability analysis is to check and reduce the systems which may be available for natural and man-made damages. Thus, the steps one should follow to complete this method are: a) to identify the gaps and research needs in the sector, b) to check the competitors which may be suspected in organizing the attack, and c) to develop the strategies aimed at reducing the threat. The main purpose of this model is to encourage businessmen and entrepreneurs to protect their strategic objects better or, vice versa, to find faults in the criti cal infrastructure protection of the competitors and to use the information to combat them on the business arena (Catlin and Kautter 3).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction to CI/KR Dependencies and Interdependencies The Department of Homeland Security has identified the Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CI/KR) which are protected by the government no matter whether public or private sector is involved in the affair. It is obvious that DHS cannot cope with all the CI/KR, so there are a number of other departments which help. To provide an effective protection of the CI/KR, the public and private sectors should establish good relationships based on the ideas and information exchanges, security planning with sharing the best practices, the coordinating structures should be perfectly established, the collaboration with the international community is important as well as the building of public awareness. The DHS identifies the following CI/KR: agriculture and food, commercial facilities, dams, energy, information technology, postal and shipping, banking and finance, communication, defense industrial base, transportation systems, chemi cal, critical manufacturing, emergency services, healthcare, nuclear reactions, materials and wastes, and water (â€Å"Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources†). If any of those CI/KR are involved into private sector, the company managers should care greatly of its security. Concepts of Continuity Of Operations (COOP) Plans and Continuity Of Government (COG) Continuity of operations is the notion which may be defined as a government effort to make sure that Primary Mission Essential Functions are going to work in spite of any incidents, including natural disasters, technological attacks and other accidents. The main purpose of COOP is to make the private sector, which deals with CI/KR, continue its work no matter what is happening in the country. The Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan is a map for implementing the program designed by the Continuity Program (FEMA n/p). The Continuity of Government (COG) is defined as the necessity for the government and all its structures and operations to function without paying attention to any of the incidents which happen in the country. The main purpose of the COG is to provide the constitutional protection to the citizens of the country and the constitutional form of the government (FEMA n/p). In conclusion it should be stated that the proper functioning of the government is possible only in case if the private and public sectors work together and are able to collaborate with each others. It is crucial to understand that the critical infrastructure of the company should be properly protected. This means that the CARVER method should be applied to make sure that the cyber systems as well as other engineering systems are properly protected. The vulnerability analysis is really helpful for maintaining security in the critical infrastructure. The Continuity of Operations (COOP) and the Continuity of Government (COG) are the document which state that all systems and projects essential for the state should function, no matter what is happening in the country. Works Cited Catlin, Michelle and Donald Kautter. â€Å"An Overview of the Carver Plus Shock Method for Food Sector Vulnerability Assessments.† Federal state department of agriculture 18 July 2007. Print. â€Å"Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources.† Department of Homeland Security. 2010. Web. Dacey, Robert F. â€Å"Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges and Efforts to Secure Control Systems.† United States Government Accountability Office 30 March 2004. Print. FEMA. 2010. Web. Pavlina, Steve. â€Å"How to Prioritize.† Pavlina LLC May 22, 2007. Web. Powner, David A. â€Å"Critical Infrastructure Protection: Challenges in Addressing Cybersecurity.† United States Government Accountability Office 19 July 2005. Print. Radvanovsky, Robert and Allan McDougall. Critical Infrastructure: Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2010. Print. This essay on Helping the Private Sector to Achieve and Maintain Infrastructure Security was written and submitted by user Tyson Dean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The DREAM Act Explained

The DREAM Act Explained The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, also called the DREAM Act, is a bill last introduced into Congress on March 26, 2009. Its purpose is to give undocumented students a chance at becoming permanent residents. The bill provides students with a path to citizenship regardless of the status passed on to them by their undocumented parents. A previous version of the bill states that if a student entered the U.S. five years before the passage of the legislation and was under age 16 when they entered the U.S., they would be eligible for a six-year conditional residency status after completing an associates degree or two years of military service. If at the end of the six-year period the individual has demonstrated good moral character, he or she could then apply for U.S. citizenship. More information about the DREAM Act can be found on the DREAM Act Portal. Why Support the DREAM Act? Here are some of the points supporters of the DREAM Act make to justify it: These young immigrants are blameless for their current predicament. They were brought here at a young age by their parents and had no say in the matter. It makes no sense and is morally wrong to punish them for the offenses of their parents. The government should treat them as victims, not offenders. The country has already made a substantial investment in many of these young immigrants and it would be senseless to throw that away. Most of them have attended public schools. They have earned high school diplomas in the public system. Many have benefited from public healthcare and some from other public assistance. The government could get a return from these investments by allowing them to contribute to the U.S. economy and society. Many have completed high school but cannot attend college because of their undocumented status. Studies show DREAM Act immigrants could provide a powerful boost to the U.S. economy.Many of the typical complaints about immigrants don’t apply to these young people. Most are as American as the native-born citizens around them. They speak English, understand American life and culture, and they are fully assimilated. They tend to be highly motivated and prepared to accept the responsibilities of U.S. citizenship. DREAM Act legislation could transform this lost generation of young people into U.S. taxpayers. Even some conservative Republicans such as former Texas Gov. Rick Perry support the DREAM Act because it would make these immigrants taxpayers who contribute to the economy, instead of people forced to live unproductive lives in the shadows of a nation that won’t acknowledge them. â€Å"Are we going to create a class of tax wasters or are we going to create taxpayers?† Perry said. â€Å"Texas chose the latter. Every state has the freedom to make that decision.†Bringing these young immigrants out of the shadows would enhance national security. As long as the government considers them here illegally, they will not come forward. National security is strengthened when everyone in the country lives openly and contributes to society. To take advantage of the DREAM Act, young immigrants would be required to pass background checks and give their addresses and contact informati on to the government.Giving legal status to these young immigrants through the DREAM Act would not cost the government. In fact, the fees immigration officials could charge applicants could more than cover the administrative costs of running the program. Former President Barack Obama’s deferred action, DREAM Act alternative program already uses fees to cover its costs. Many of the eligible young immigrants are willing to give public service to the country, either through the U.S. military or non-profit enterprises. The DREAM Act could be the catalyst for a wave of service and social activism across the country. Young immigrants are eager to contribute their time and energy to a nation that embraces them.The DREAM Act is in keeping with the United States’ heritage as a nation that treats immigrants fairly and makes special efforts to reach out to young people. American tradition as a sanctuary for exiles dictates that we allow these innocent immigrants a chance to move on with their lives and not cast them as refugees without a homeland.

Health Institution Comparison Tool Research Paper

Health Institution Comparison Tool - Research Paper Example n, this writer uses the care comparison tool as the primary indicator of service quality as a final deliverable (https://bcbsnm.sqctool.com/index.aspx).This particular comparison tool is being sponsored by Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Mexico. As for the quality indicators this writer has chosen the following broad factors. George Town University Hospital which is a teaching hospital specializes in diseases like Cardiologic disorders, Endocrinology related ailments, Geriatrics, Gynecology, Renal Diseases, Orthopedics, Otolaryngology, Pulmonology, Urology, Cancer, Gastroenterology, Neurology, Neurosurgery and Rheumatology (http://www.georgetownuniversityhospital.org). Washington Hospital Centre is a nonprofit health Institution whose profits are being used to serve the community. They are specialized in the medical services for Cancer, Cardiac diseases, diabetes, mental health, Orthopedics and clinical trial and research (http://www.medstarhealth.org). The above data for brain cancer related care comparison shows that Washington Hospital Centre has been faring well in qualitative and quantitative criteria. For instance Anderson refers to care related factors of quality and quantity as the raison d’Ã ªtre behind the comparative success of any health care institution. Washington hospital centre has had 30 patients affected by brain cancer while GTUH had only 22 patients. According to Anderson disparities between number of patients admitted per disease cold show that higher numbers serve as positive indicators of measurable service quality (Andersen, R. M., Rice, T.H. & Kominiski, G. F., (2007). In other words Anderson particularly identifies care related criteria of admission rates based on associated treatment specialization and availability of facilities. Further, qualitative data provided by the WHC serves as an indicator of success based on its non profit care provision. On the other hand GTUH is a for profit organizatio n that provides qualitative care under

The Life of William the Conqueror Research Paper

The Life of William the Conqueror - Research Paper Example Ever since he was crowned as the King of England on the Christmas day in 1066, William displayed a tremendous amount of valor, energy, determination, and ruthlessness in achieving his goals. Even though William was quite cruel and ruthless towards his enemies and people who disobeyed his laws, England owes much to his administrative and legislative reforms. It was William the Conqueror who â€Å"instituted his strategy for medieval warfare of building castles and went on to build many castles in England including his most famous, the Tower of London† (Biography of William the Conqueror). Similarly, the Doomsday Book is very often regarded as another remarkable legacy of William the Conqueror as the book offers a clear-cut insight into the medieval life, customs, and manners. The life of William the Conqueror is worth analyzing when one deals with the early history of England. William was reported to have born as the illegitimate son of Duke Robert 1 of Normandy in either late 1027 or early 1028. In 1034, Duke Robert decided to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and he entrusted William into the care of his uncle Robert, archbishop of Rouen and his nobles and nominated him as the next Duke of Normandy (William 17). Subsequently, William became the Duke of Normandy in 1035 after his father’s death when he was only seven years old. It was in the year 1051 that Edward the Confessor pledged William that he would be made his successor to the throne of England and in the next year William married Matilda of Flanders. In 1065, William was successful in gaining Harold Godwinson’s pledge of allegiance whereby Harold would assist him to assume the throne of England. However, things turned upside down after Edward the Confessor’s death when Harold tried to gain the throne of England in 1066. This paved the way for the historical battle at Hastings. In 1066 William the conqueror obtained â€Å"support from the Pope for his invasion of England and t he right to the English throne,† defeated Harold’s men at the battle of Hastings, suppressed all other rebellions within the nation, and on 25th December he was crowned as the King of England (Biography of William the Conqueror). From 1067 onwards William the Conqueror started constructing castles in various parts of the nation which included the well-known Exeter Castle and the Tower of London. Even though he and the Normans faced strong rebellion at Exeter from Harold's mother Gytha in February 1067, Hereward the Wake and Harold's brother, the Earl Morcar at Peterborough in 1070, William could easily defeat the rebels. On May 11, 1068, William crowned his wife Matilda as the Queen of England. The Doomsday Book was published in 1086 and on September 9, 1087, the great conqueror met with death. One can never undermine the administrative as well as legislative reforms introduced by William the Conqueror in England. In fact, the arrival of the Normans and the reign of Wil liam brought about radical changes to the course of English history as well. However, William never tried to replace the existing Anglo-Saxon laws with the Norman practices. On the other hand, he effectively blended the Norman laws with the Anglo-Saxon law and native customs.

The international space station Essay Example for Free

The international space station Essay Space explorations by the United States, and perhaps, by any other nation, are fueled by the desire for human exploration and scientific discovery (Griffin, 2007). The ultimate end could be the possibility of establishing a habitat in space. As ambitious that vision may be, the construction of an International Space Station is considered as a step towards that direction (Griffin, 2007). The international Space Station is a construction in space where astronauts and other experts could study the possibility of living and working in space. The building of the space station is seen by NASA as one of the steps towards making the United States a â€Å"spacefaring nation† (Griffin, 2007). Picture 4. The International Space Station (ISS), is considered as the â€Å"the most complex construction feat ever undertaken. † Photo retrieved from www. nasa. gov/ Current NASA Projects In accordance with Bush’s vision for space exploration, NASA is currently studying and developing lunar habitats that could be used in building an outpost on the Moon’s surface. This outpost is intended to serve as a base camp that could accommodate researchers and experts when necessary, but is stable enough to be left without supervision (NASA, 2007). NASA intends to use the outpost in its study of the moons natural resources. This study is a necessary step in the preparations for America’s ultimate goal of journeying to Mars (NASA, 2007). Below is a photo of a test structure of a lunar habitat, which is yet to be tested by NASA on the ground. Picture 5. Test structure of a lunar habitat. Photo retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://www. nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/mmb/inflatable-lunar-hab. html Bush’s Space Mission Bush’s vision may be ambitious, as it pushes the American scientific community to the limits of its capability. It is also ambitious because it is very costly, not only in money, but also in other resources, such as manpower. Thus, debates on the topic usually revolve around the propriety of allotting portions of taxpayers’ money on space explorations when they could be used in funding other, more pressing, national concerns. Nevertheless, the utility of space explorations and studies being conducted for such purpose cannot be denied. Even in the present time, when space explorations can still be considered conservative, practical and invaluable uses of space technology have been discovered, such as â€Å"image processing used in medical scanners, foetal heart monitors and insulin pumps† (BBC News). Future discoveries of other uses of space explorations are anybody’s guess. The important thing to realize in this matter is that discovery of new and yet unexplored terrain, such as space, the Moon, and Mars should not be seen as a wasteful and futile occupation. Where the means allow such studies and explorations, such activities shall be pursued because precious finds may be waiting as a result. These ventures, however, must be kept in check such that important services such as welfare, health, and education of the populace would not be sacrificed because the latter are more pressing issues that need to be addressed. References 1969: Man takes first steps on the Moon. BBC News. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://news. bbc. co. uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/21/newsid_2635000/2635845. stm Boeing. What is the Space Shuttle? Retrieved March 6, 2007, from www.boeing. com/hsfe_shuttle/what_is. html Bush unveils Moon and Mars plans. BBC News. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3395165. stm Camping on the Moon Will Be One Far Out Experience. (2007). Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://www. nasa. gov/mission_pages/exploration/mmb/inflatable-lunar-hab. html Griffin, M. (2007). Why Explore Space? National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://www. nasa. gov/ Hunt, K. (2007). Budget crunch will delay NASAs first manned moon flight. USA Today. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://www. usatoday.com/tech/science/space/2007- 03-01-moon-delay_N. htm Lane, E. (2004). Bush: Moon Return by 2015, Space shuttle to be retired. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://www. newsday. com/news/nationworld/nation/ny-bush-space- 0114,0,4190003. story? coll=ny-nationalnews-headlines The History of Moon Exploration. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://www. telescope. org/nuffield/pas/moon/moon7. html The Washington Post Writers Group. (2007). Going Back to Moon will be Uplifting Endeavor. The Kansas City Star. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from http://www. kansascity. com/mld/kansascity/news/opinion/16828980. htmÃ'Ž

African American Women in Early Film Essay -- Hollywood Movies Film Bl

African American Women in Early Film   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In early film many African American actresses portrayed roles as mammies, slaves, seductresses, and maids. These roles suppressed them not allowing them to show their true talents. Although they had to take on these degrading roles, they still performed with dignity, elegance, grace and style. They paved the way for many actresses to follow both blacks and whites. These women showed the film industry that they were more than slaves, mammies, and maids. These beautiful actresses showed the film industry that they are able to hold lead parts and even carry the whole cast if need be. Phenomenal actresses such as Hattie McDaniels, Pearl Bailey, Ethel Waters, Nina Mae McKinney, and Dorothy Dandridge, to name a few, are African-American stars who paved the way for so many African-American actresses today despite the hardships that they were faced with. These women displayed beauty, intellect and talent, which allowed the stars that followed that they do not have to just settle for stereoty pical roles. In early film there was much propaganda and even today, which lead to these demeaning roles that they had to betray, Professor Carol Penney of Yale-New Haven writes, â€Å"Film is one of the most influential means of communication and a powerful medium of propaganda. Race and representation is central to the study of the black film actor, since the major studios reflected and reinforced the racism of their times. The depiction of blacks in Hollywood movies reinforced many of the prejudices of the white majority rather than objective reality, limiting black actors to stereotypical roles† (1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hattie McDaniels, a trailblazer amongst African-American film, acquired many firsts for African-American actors. McDaniels was the first African-American to sing on the radio, first to receive an Oscar for best supporting actress in Gone with the Wind. She was also the first African-American to star in a sitcom in 1951 that featured an African-American actress in the title role (Pax 1). â€Å"McDaniels appeared in more than three hundred films during the twenties and thirties. Her career was built on the ‘Mammy’ image, a role she played with dignity† (Smith 7). She received much flack from the blacks because of the roles she played in film and on radio. Blacks felt that she was degrading the race but her reply was to these views were... ...reen and feel that they are beautiful too. Work Cited The African-American Almanac, 1997. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale Research, 1987. â€Å"Ethel Waters.† Online. 10 March 2005. Available: www.http://www.redhot   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   jazz.com/waters.html. â€Å"Honoring Black History Month.† Pax Stars. Online. 10 March 2005.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available: www.http://www.pax.tv/bios/one-bio.cfm/hattie-mcdaniel. â€Å"Nina Mae McKinney.† South Carolina African American History Online. Online.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   11 March 2005. Available: www.http://www.scafam-hist.org/aahc/. â€Å"Pearl Bailey.† Black History: Virginia Profiles. Online. 13 March 2005. Available: www.http://www.gatewayva.com/pages/bhistory/1996/bailey.shtml. Penney, Carol. â€Å"Black Actors inamerican Cinema.† Yale-New Haven Teachers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Institute. Online. 12 March 2000. Available:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/cirriculm/units. â€Å"Pioneer black actress Dorothy Dandridge has a famous cast of modern-day  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   admirers.† Online. 12 March 2005. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.http://ohio.com/bj/fun/tv/0299/002827htm.

Analysis of John Howard Griffin’s “Black Like Me” Essay

John Howard Griffin’s research should undeniably be considered sociological. He began with a theory, if he became black he could help understand the difficulties between races as both a white man and a black man in the south and with this knowledge develop a means to bridge the gap. With this information he developed a micro-theory, trying to explain a limited part of human behavior; why is there hate among blacks and whites? He collected his data in a process of explanatory research. He needed to test his theory in order to elaborate existing explanations. He gathered all his data and went through all research methods in the hopes of explaining his theory. He followed the research process; developed a question, took into account what would be needed to answer the question, decided how to get this and conducted it as ethical as a black-white southerner could. He used a meta-analysis in examining the information. Griffin improved the description of the relationship while developing explanations for the cause of such activity and aimed to advance research in this area by gathering new knowledge. Finally, when he gathered all his information he released it to the mass media. Although it takes the form of a journal it should still be considered sociological research. The diary method is, in fact, beneficial. Instead of conducting a cross sectional form of research in which information is gathered at one particular time, Griffin, using the diary, conducted a longitudinal study. With such a study change can be identified and a broader understanding will develop in the hopes of answering the research question. Of coarse when such a research method as a diary is used questions arise as to its validity and reliability. It can be assumed that the reliability of Griffin’s work is quite substantial. He had an insider perspective due to his covert observation and participant observation. His information was derived from a large population across more than one state, while still focusing on the southern parts of America. All the persons mentioned in the diary shared the same belief; whites were limiting the black potential. Then it must be asked whether the diary was biased or not. Since it was, in reality, a diary, the information published could be selective. This then questions the validity of the  research. There is no doubt that Griffin had opinions on the topic before it was investigated. However, the research was also very generalizable. This should help to alleviate many of the doubts towards the ethics of the means of research. Since human behavior is very complex it is difficult to narrow down the independent variable. All doubts on validity aside, the research was conducted in a meth od of sociological nature. It was a combination of participant observation, covert observation and unstructured interviews. For example, Griffin had conversations at the YMCA with other black men, or on the bus between New Orleans and Mississippi. These weren’t done with an outlined set of questions; they were conducted by way of one oppressed African-American to another. In conducting his research in such an unobtrusive manner Griffin helped the media identify the setting, the human and social environment, their activities and behaviors, and non-verbal communication. In this method Griffin wasn’t looking to prove causality, rather looking to support his argument in hope for change. With all this taken into account it can be summarized that Griffin followed the research process and used sociological methods. Norms are generally defined as an aspect in society in which an expected behavior binds a certain group of people. However, norms can be applied to many different areas. It can mean placing a set standard for achievement on a certain communal grouping based on the accomplishments of the average person from that grouping. It can also mean a characteristic that is representative of a social group. Or norms can be considered a common practice, belief or custom . However when dealing with norms it must be understood that they apply differently depending on the context of the situation. Much like social norms vary from legal norms. Social norms were the predominant force Griffin encountered throughout his research. Although legal norms played a particular part, judgment was based on the structures of mutual belief, not necessarily judicial. For example, the â€Å"whites† of the southern United States were holding the assumption that the â€Å"blacks† were sexually demented and intellectually impaired (Griffin, 1962: p. 114). The southern white majority assumed that African-Americans were so open about  their sex lives that they even performed activities in the streets and in front of children. They also believed that the blacks wanted white woman sexually and that due to their lack of education all they knew was their natural instinct to reproduce. They assumed this behavior to be applicable to all African-American men. As Griffin tries to explain, he can find no inferiority amongst the blacks; â€Å"These characteristics don’t spring from whiteness or blackness, but from a man’s conditioning† (Griffin, 1962: p. 92). Role taking is a critical part of fostering any sober understanding of a relevant society. It involves looking at things from a different viewpoint. This assists us in understanding how different groups perceive us. We have to know what we look like through others eyes. In order to achieve this we must first understand their mind frame. John Howard Griffin goes through great lengths to achieve this. He understands that it is practically impossible for him to fully comprehend what life is like for a black man, while being a white man in the southern United States. Thus he undergoes pigment therapy that redefines his life. Griffin darkens his skin in order to appear as though he were a black American, in the hopes to achieve an unbiased account of African-American life in the deep south. By infiltrating the seemingly distinct society and adapting to the practices of that society Griffin has undergone role taking. When in New Orleans, Griffin’s first area of research as a black s outherner, he quickly learns of the limitations enforced only by the fact that his skin color was different. By becoming the minority studied, Griffin was not only able to study, first hand, the accounts of racism, but he was also able to emotionally attach himself to the African-American society. Alienation is the separation between â€Å"parts or the whole of the personality and significant aspects of the world of experience.† This term can have many meanings depending on the situation and for whom it is intended. In terms of Griffin’s book, alienation was the physical segregation and the emotional feeling of inequality and unequal opportunities based on skin color. Alienation was evident throughout Griffin’s experiences. Separate waiting rooms at bus stations, separate washrooms and fountains, isolated living  areas, the inability to purchase food and drinks at certain stores, the inability to rest in certain areas, unequal job and education abilities, all formed the feeling of alienation. (Griffin, 1962: p. 92) Griffin realized that this division, both physical and emotional would have to be overcome in order to attain a greater appreciation as a race. Griffin and many blacks alike thought education was the key to destroying the norm of alienation. â€Å"Equal job opportunities†¦ That’s the answer to much of the tragedy of our young people† (Griffin, 1962: p. 44). According to Griffin there were two problems that caused this alienation and lack of motivation to change, they were: the discrimination against the Negro and his discrimination against himself (Griffin, 1962: p. 45). According to Griffin then, it was not only the fault of the whites that the blacks were in the situation they were, it was partly the fault of the blacks as well. Stereotypes are formed when the characteristics of a certain group of people are based on the generalized characteristics of a few. They are most often used to simplify that which we have difficulty understanding, in order to make it more predictable. As W.I. Thomas taught, what we believe to be true will be true in its consequences. Throughout history racial stereotypes have always existed. Perhaps, though, the most dominant stereotypes have been placed against African-Americans. They have been thought of as uneducated, immature, unmotivated, criminal, violent and sexual predators. However, as Griffin points out, the sins the whites commit are the same as the blacks. Except for the fact that blacks are deprived of the â€Å"pleasures of the spirits†. They feel like a lesser person so in order to acquire that feeling of accomplishment and manhood they engage in such activities (Griffin, 1962. p. 91-93). After all, it is the white man who, all through the book, is intrigued by the sexual natures of the black race. It is the whites who hire black prostitutes and it is the whites who violently punish the blacks. Not only are the stereotypes revealed, they are identified as completely illegitimate. In one instance on a bus in New Orleans Griffin attempted to offer an elderly lady a seat by indicating with his eyes that there was an empty one beside him. He thought she would be sympathetic, however she disrespectfully replied, â€Å"What’re you looking at me like that for?† Implying that there were sexual desires instead of kindness behind his offering  (Griffin, 1962: p 25). Reductionism in sociological research places limits on what can be considered as causes when attempting to explain a range of human behavior. Griffin may have been affected by reductionism due to the fact that he was writing a sociological paper. As a result he may have focused on such limited topics as norms, stereotypes and alienation. An economist, however, may have looked at the economic prosperity in the south compared to other parts to explain the racial tensions. Perhaps even the government would be to blame for enforcing racism through propaganda and unequal laws. A biological reductionism would be trying to reduce the problem down to the genes of the human being or as a revolutionary process. In order to achieve a full understanding of the situation, all accounts should be measured, not only those which apply to a specific field. Therefore, the validity and reliability of the research can be questioned. For example, in Griffin’s book, he focuses only on the stereotypes of society, not where they come from. He doesn’t attempt to answer why whites feel hatred towards the blacks, only that it exists. Perhaps the underlying problem is purely situational. The south is known for its farms and small communities, but does this problem exist in the larger cities throughout North America? And if it doesn’t, why not? If it doesn’t exist than it is strictly environmental. Griffin mentions that there are those people who are not actually racist, but they fear showing any sympathy towards another race. What causes this fear? There must be some form of pressure from somewhere that causes this racism. All these questions must be answered in order to truly define the problems between African-Americans and Caucasians. Griffin did a fine job in writing the introduction to racism, however he left the body blank.

Effects Of Alcohol On New Zealand Essay - 1054 Words

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The organisation aims to reduce and stop crimes related to alcohol intoxication. The Organisation vision is to make the country a pleasant place to live. The Alcotrol made a list of their objective strategic plans in order to guide them to reach or achieve their mission and vision. These objectives were studied well for further implementation with the help of the government and other businesses and businesses. Awareness is one of their objectives that schools should include in their studies the effects and the disadvantagesShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol On New Zealand1469 Words   |  6 PagesEASE UP ON THE DRINK. Alcohol is the most commonly used recreational drug in Aotearoa New Zealand. While females traditionally consume less alcohol than males, there are a number of reasons for looking more closely at women and their consumption and related harm. 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